Mafunzo hayo yaliyofanyika katika hoteli ya SnowCrest inayotoa huduma yake pembeni kidogo mwa mji wa Arusha imejumuisha wadau zaidi ya 300 kutoka katika secta ya Utalii Tanzania ambao ni wafanyakazi wa TANAPA, Tanzania, Wafanyakazi (madereva na waongozaji wa wageni) wa makampuni binafsi zinazotoa huduma ya utalii Tanzania.

Mafunzo hayo yalilenga zaidi yafuatayo:

1. Huduma nzuri kwa wateja na mbinu za kutatua malalamiko
2. Tabia na motisha ya Ujasiriamali
3. Utamaduni wa Utalii na Saikolojia ya Mteja

Basically a staff must report the following

1. His/Her title
2. Department
3. Overall Job Description
4. Planned Job from Last Month/Quarter/Semi Annual/Year
5. Completed Activities in %age wise
6. Reason of failure for activities not completed in more than 10%
7. Challenges / Obstacles encountered
8. Remarks/Comments/Opinions
9. Plan (including strategies) for the next Month/Quarter/Semi Annual/Year

Business review or evaluation is done on previously objectives in the following format

Redesign is starting all over again through learning from mistakes. The marketing research and feedback system (customer’s feedback, Supplier feedback, Staffs feedback, Partners and other feedback) will give you basic information needed for decision making.

The real selling phase start immediate after correcting any observed issues in pilot phase

To achieve these make sure you use the relevant technologies that can help you classified and segment these customers.

Market research is done to know if your customer still like your itineraries, or services, and also to know what the customer prefer in terms of needs and wants. Special questionnaires forms, discussions and observations are done to achieve this.

The detail of what, how, when, how, who etc will be explain in “Tourism Product Design and Development Module”

Remember that in today modern HR management, no firing. If you made mistakes in recruiting you will surely incur more money to mould and shape your staffs to the culture that attain the quality of service that is needed

Bill gates quote

“ We invest a lot of money into changing behaviors”

1. Personal use
2. Investors
3. Bank loan acquisition

The following pages provide a suggested outline of the material to be included in your business plan. Your final plan may vary according to your specific needs or individual requirements of your lender or investor.

1. I. COVER PAGE: Serves as the title page of your business plan.
2. II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• Name of the company.
• Title and timeframe of the business plan
• Month and year your plan was prepared.
• Name, title/designation of the author
• Draft number of the plan.

This is the explanation of your whole business plan in one page. Explaining at least the following:

• About the company and management
• Goal and objectives in numbers if possible (eg turnover, profits, expansion, new markets and share, capital, new technology objectives etc)
• Marketing briefing and the secret of your success

Note: Do not write the executive summary until you have completed your business plan! It is a summary and reflects the contents of the finished plan.

1. III. TABLE OF CONTENTS (Quick reference to major topics covered in your plan)

1. IV. PART I: COMPANY DESCRIPTION

What is included? This section should include

History, legal form, markets served, company philosophy, vision, mission, objectives, strategies, primary and secondary products or services and success factors (in SWOT analysis format) etc

Explain also on

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, LOCATION, MANAGEMENT, PERSONNEL, ACCOUNTING & LEGAL, INSURANCE, SECURITY,

1. V. PART II: THE MARKETING PLAN

What is a marketing plan? The Marketing Plan defines all of the components of your marketing strategy. You will address the details of your market analysis, sales, advertising, and public relations campaigns. The Plan should also integrate traditional (offline) programs with new media (online) strategies.

A. OVERVIEW AND GOALS OF YOUR MARKETING STRATEGY

B. MARKET ANALYSIS

• Target Market (identify with demographics, psychographics, and niche market specifics).
• Competition (describe major competitors assessing their strengths and weaknesses.
• Market Trends (identify industry trends and customer trends).
• Market Research (describe methods of research, database analysis, and results summary).

C. MARKETING STRATEGY

• General Description (budget % allocations on- and off-line with expected ROIs).
• Method of Sales and Distribution (stores, offices, kiosks, catalogs, d/mail, website).
• Packaging (quality considerations and packaging).
• Pricing (price strategy and competitive position.
• Branding.
• Database Marketing (Personalization).
• Sales Strategies (direct sales, direct mail, email, affiliate, reciprocal, and viral marketing).
• Sales Incentives/Promotions (samples, coupons, online promo, add-ons, rebates, etc.).
• Advertising Strategies (traditional, web/new media, long-term sponsorships).
• Public Relations (online presence, events, press releases, interviews).
• Networking (memberships and leadership positions).

D. CUSTOMER SERVICE

• Description of Customer Service Activities.
• Expected Outcomes of Achieving Excellence.

E. IMPLEMENTATION OF MARKETING STRATEGY

• In-House Responsibilities.
• Out-Sourced Functions (advertising, public relations, marketing firms, ad networks, etc.).

F. ASSESSMENT OF MARKETING EFFECTIVENESS*

* To be used by existing companies after making periodic evaluations

1. VI. PART III: FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS

This section of the business plan is the quantitative interpretation of everything you stated in the organizational and marketing plans. Do not do this part of your plan until you have finished those two sections
Financial projections are the financial records used to show projected finances based on your past performance. The following are the major documents you will want to include in your Business Plan. The work is much easier if they are done in the order presented because they build on each other, utilizing information from the ones previously developed.

A. INVESTMENT NEEDS (needed only if you are seeking financing)

This is an outline giving the following information:

(1) Why do you need each stipulated capital asset?.
(2) How Much capital will you need?.

B. SOURCE OF FUNDING

Equity

Grants

Bank loan

Investors

Statement of Investment Usage

Describe how are you going to utilize the investment that listed above in the table format below

C. INCOME PROJECTION

A Pro Forma Income P&L (Income) Statement showing projections for your company for the next three years. Use the revenue and expense totals from the Pro Forma Cash Flow Statement for the 1st year’s figures and project for the next two years according to expected economic and industry trends.

D. PROJECTED CASH FLOW STATEMENT (BUDGET)

This document projects what your Business Plan means in terms of dollars. It shows cash inflow and outflow over a period of time and is used for internal planning. It is of prime interest to the lender and shows how you intend to repay your loan. Cash flow statements show both how much and when cash must flow in and out of your business.

E. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

Projection of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth of your company at end of next fiscal year.

F. BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS

The break-even point is the point at which a company’s expenses exactly match the sales or service volume. It can be expressed in: (1) Total dollars or revenue exactly offset by total expenses -or- (2) Total units of production (cost of which exactly equals the income derived by their sales). This analysis can be done either mathematically or graphically. Revenue and expense figures are drawn from the three-year income projection.

Note: The following (G-J) are Actual Performance (Historical) Statements. They reflect the activity of your business in the past.

• If your business is new and has not yet begun operations: the financial section will end here and you will add a Personal Financial History.
• If yours is an established business: you will include the following actual performance statements:

G. PROJECTED PROFIT AND LOSS STATEMENT (INCOME STATEMENT)

Shows your business financial activity over a period of time (monthly, annually). It is a moving picture showing what has happened in your business and is an excellent tool for assessing your business. Your ledger is closed and balanced and the revenue and expense totals transferred to this statement.

H. BUSINESS RATIOS

In this section you will use your income statements and balance sheets to develop a study of relationships and comparisons of: (1) Items in a single year’s financial statement, (2) comparative financial statements for a period of time, or (3) your statements with those of other businesses. Measures are expressed as ratios or percentages that can be used to compare your business with industry standards.

If you are seeking a lender or investor, ratio analysis as compared to industry standards will be especially critical in determining whether or not the loan or venture funds are justified.

• Liquidity Analysis (net working capital, current ratio, quick ratio).
• Profitability Analysis (gross profit margin, operating profit margin, net profit margin).
• Debt Ratios (debt to assets, debt to equity).
• Measures of Investment (return on investment).
• Vertical financial statement analysis (shows relationship of components in a single financial statement).
• Horizontal financial statement analysis (percentage analysis of the increases and decreases in the items on comparative financial statement).

J. PAST BUSINESS FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

The past 3/2/1 years (if applicable business financial performance) to last financial year including any loans taken. Explain these past financial records using P&L, Cashflow and balance sheet.

1. VII. PART IV: ANEXES (EXTRA/SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS)

This section of your plan will contain all of the records that back up the statements and decisions made in the three main parts of your business plan. The most common supporting documents are:

A. PERSONAL RESUMES

Include resumes for owners and management. A resume should be a one-page document. Include: work history, educational background, professional affiliations and honors, and a focus on special skills relating to the company position.

B. OWNERS’ FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

A statement of personal assets and liabilities. For a new business owner, this will be part of your financial section.

C. CREDIT REPORTS

Business and personal from suppliers or wholesalers, credit bureaus, and banks.

D. COPIES OF LEASES, MORTGAGES, PURCHASE AGREEMENTS, ETC.

All agreements currently in force between your company and a leasing agency, mortgage company or other agency.

E. LETTERS OF REFERENCE

Letters recommending you as being a reputable and reliable business person worthy of being considered a good risk. (both business and personal references)

F. CONTRACTS

Include all business contracts, both completed and currently in force.

G. OTHER LEGAL DOCUMENTS

All legal papers pertaining to your legal structure, proprietary rights, insurance, etc. Limited partnership agreements, shipping contracts, etc.

H. MISCELLANEOUS DOCUMENTS

All other documents which have been referred to, but not included in the main body of the plan. (for example, location plans, demographics, competition analysis, advertising rate sheets, cost analysis, etc.).

WRAP UP

When You Are Finished: Your Business Plan should look professional, must be done by you. A business plan will be the best indicator that can be used to judge your potential for success. It should be between 15 to 40 pages in length, excluding supporting documents. If you are seeking a lender or investor: Include only the supporting documents that will be of immediate interest to the person examining your plan eg a bank will inquire some specific documents, investor also will give you what to include in your business plan.

If the business plan is for investor and or a bank, ensure that you crated first a comprehensive business plan for personal use and reproduce the plan narrating only areas of interest to the BP end consumer.

For this case you can have 2 or 3 or even more copies of different Business plans for bank A, Bank B, Bank C, Investor A, Investor B etc.

Have your plan neatly bound at your local print shop or in blue, black or brown covers purchased from the stationery store. Make copies for each lender or investor you wish to approach. Do not give out too many copies at once, and keep track of each copy. If you are turned down for financing, be sure to retrieve your business plan.

UPDATING YOUR BUSINESS PLAN

The business plan is a living being, it change over time to reflect your real life situation of your business. Make sure these changes are frequently reflected in your business plan

All tourists are advised to insure their safari

Conditions and regulations for issuing TALA licenses are specified in Tourist Agents Licensing) Act 2008.

Tour Operators: Requirements include: -

• Certificate of Registration and Memorandum and Articles
  of Association.

• Evidence of office premises for carrying out a business.

• All tour/safari vehicles shall vividly display the name of the tour Operator on each side of the vehicle and must be comprehensively insured.

• The company must have a fleet of not less than five road worthy tour/safari vehicles for a Tanzanian company not less than 10 new tour/safari vehicles will be required by a non Tanzanian owned company.

Travel Agent.

A travel Agent License will be issued to a business owned by Tanzanians with an investment capital of not less than US$ 300,000.

Travel Agent. Requirements include:

• Certificate of Registration and Memorandum and Articles
  of Association.

• Evidence of office premises

• The applicant must have not less than two employees who are Tanzanian nationals and who have recognized certificates in tourism.  Other businesses, which are allowed to Tanzanian nationals with investment cost of not less than US$ 300,000 include Car Hire, Travel Agent, Mountain Climbing/Trekking, and Tour Guides.

  For further information, please contact;
  Director of Tourism
  Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism
  P.O. Box 9372
  Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
  Tel: 255 22 2111061-4/2116682
  Fax: 255 22 21106004
  Email: mipango.mnrt.@twiga.com